Vías moleculares patogénicas del linfoma T/NK extranodal de tipo nasal asociadas con virus de Epstein Barr: Revisión narrativa

Fabiola Valvert; Armando Cáceres

doi:10.36829/63CTS.v8i2.948

Authors

Fabiola Valvert Instituto de Cancerología INCAN https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-2419
Armando Cáceres Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (Lipronat), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Laboratorios de Productos Naturales Farmaya, Guatemala https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1098-9137

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36829/63CTS.v8i2.948

Keywords:

Lymphoproliferative syndrome, herpesvirus, oncogenesis, immune evasion, epigenetic

Abstract

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is present in 100% of cases of nasal-type extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL). It plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of this disease. The objective of this review is to update the knowledge of the genetic and epigenetic molecular pathways used by EBV in the oncogenesis of ENKTL. To this end, a literature review was carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases on the mechanisms used by viral proteins such as latent membrane protein (LMP1) and Epstein Barr 1 nuclear antigen (EBNA1) to activate host antiapoptotic proteins avoiding cell death and activating cell proliferation, through the molecular pathways JAK/STAT (Janus kinases/signal transduction and activation of transcription proteins), NF-κB (the nuclear factor enhancing the kappa light chains of activated B cells) EZHZ2 pathways (Enhancer of Zeste 2 Polycomb repressive Complex 2) and PI3K/Akt (Phosphoinositide 3 kinase protein kinase B). The role of the viral proteins: BNLF2a, BILF and BDLF3 in the virus immune evasion. It is currently recognized that LMP1 increases the expression of PDL-1 (programmed cell death ligand), contributing to the decrease in the immune response. Thus, the epigenetic changes in the methylation profile in the promoter areas of tumor suppressor genes, was also reviewed. Finally role of EBV miRNAs participate in inhibiting tumor suppressor genes or activating genes that increase proliferation

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Author Biography

Fabiola Valvert, Instituto de Cancerología INCAN

La Dra. Fabiola Valvert es médico y cirujano egresada de la Escuela Latinoamericana de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana, Cuba. Realizó sus estudios de Hematología y Hemoterapia en el Hospital Vall de Hebron de Barcelona, donde posteriormente realizó una estancia formativa en Citometria de Flujo y citogenética de canceres hematológicos. Actualmente cursa el ultimo año del Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas en la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Trabaja en el Instituto de Cancerología INCAN y se dedica al diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con Linfoma y Mieloma Múltiple. También es investigadora principal en dos proyectos de Linfoma desarrollados junto a la Universidad de Stanford, Unuversidad de OHIO y el Instituto de Cáncer Dana Farber de los Estados Unidos.

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