Indicadores de bienestar subjetivo de personas con discapacidad, sus familiares y profesionales que trabajan con personas con discapacidad

Daniel Eduardo Sojuel; Donald González-Aguilar; Evelyn Rodríguez-Cisneros

doi:10.36829/63CTS.v8i2.868

Authors

Daniel Eduardo Sojuel Escuela de Ciencias Psicológicas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-7063
Donald González-Aguilar Escuela de Ciencias Psicológicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-7750
Evelyn Rodríguez-Cisneros Escuela de Ciencias Psicológicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36829/63CTS.v8i2.868

Abstract

Most of the literature on subjective well-being (SWB) is not focused on people with disabilities, which becomes a necessity for developing countries when they want to provide data to organizations or psychology professionals to make evidence-based decisions in their initiatives or professional practice. The aim of this study is to present, with a descriptive scope, the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the SWB of people with disabilities, family members, and workers of organizations of and for people with disabilities in the department of Sololá, Guatemala. The research was done with a mixed-method approach. Data was collected through a sociodemographic survey, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (SPANAS), and a semi-structured interview. The sample consisted of 84 people were evaluated, 19 people with disabilities, 32 relatives of people with disabilities, and 33 workers. The SWLS (McDonald's ω = .7) and SPANAS (McDonald's ω = .8) scales have an acceptable level of reliability. Satisfaction with life was negatively correlated with negative affect, but strength was weak (r_s = -.28, n = 97, p = .009). Also, 76% of the sample had a very high level of satisfaction with life and 21% reported a high negative affective state. In the qualitative analysis, it was established that participation in productive or recreational activities, coexistence between support networks, and the fulfillment of personal goals are situations that contribute to subjective well-being.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Daniel Eduardo Sojuel, Escuela de Ciencias Psicológicas

Coordinador de proyecto de investigación para la Dirección General de investigación y colaborador en Unidad de Investigación Profesional de la Escuela de Ciencias Psicológicas de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala.

References

Bouffard, M., & Crocker, P. R. E. (1992). Coping by individuals with physical disabilities with perceived challenge in physical activity: Are people consistent? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 63(4), 410-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1992.10608763 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1992.10608763

Callus, A. M., Bonello, I., Mifsud, C., & Fenech, R. (2019). Overprotection in the lives of people with intellectual disability in Malta: Knowing what is control and what is enabling support. Disability and Society, 34(3), 345-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2018.1547186 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2018.1547186

Centro Internacional para Evidencia de Discapacidad. (2016). Informe de la II Encuesta Nacional de Discapacidad en Guatemala (ENDIS). London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Cummins, R. A., Lau, A. A. L. D., Mellor, D., & Stokes, M. A. (2009). Encouraging governments to enhance the happiness of their nation: Step 1: Understand subjective wellbeing. Social Indicators Research, 91(1), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9324-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9324-6

Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

Diener, E., Scollon, C. N., & Lucas, R. E. (2009). The Evolving Concept of Subjective Well-Being: The Multifaceted Nature of Happiness. En E. Diener (Ed.), Assessing well-being: The collected works (pp. 67-100). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_4

Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276

Fekete, C., Tough, H., Brinkhof, M. W. G., & Siegrist, J. (2019). Does well-being suffer when control in productive activities is low? A dyadic longitudinal analysis in the disability setting. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 122(April), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.04.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.04.015

Furrer, A., Michel, G., Terrill, A. L., Jensen, M. P., & Müller, R. (2019). Modeling subjective well-being in individuals with chronic pain and a physical disability: The role of pain control and pain catastrophizing. Disability and Rehabilitation, 41(5), 498-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1390614 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1390614

Halstead, E. J., Griffith, G. M., & Hastings, R. P. (2018). Social support, coping, and positive perceptions as potential protective factors for the well-being of mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 64(4-5), 297-305. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2017.1329192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2017.1329192

Hammel, J. O. Y., Magasi, S., Heinemann, A., Whiteneck, G., Bogner, J., & Rodriguez, E. (2008). What does participation mean ? An insider perspective from people with disabilities. Disability and Rehabilitation, 30(19), 1445-1460. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280701625534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280701625534

Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (2020). Base de datos CENSO 2018 [Base de datos]. Autor. https://www.censopoblacion.gt/descarga

Joiner, T., Sandin, B., Chorot, P., Lostao, L., & Marquina, G. (1997). Development and Factor Analytic Validation of the SPANAS Among Women in Spain. Journal of Personality Assessment, 68(3), 508-531. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6803 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6803_8

Li, A., Shaffer, J., & Bagger, J. (2015). The psychological well-being of disability caregivers: Examining the roles of family strain, family-to-work conflict, and perceived supervisor support. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037878 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037878

Mutkins, E., Brown, R. F., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2011). Stress, depression, workplace and social supports and burnout in intellectual disability support staff. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55(5), 500-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01406.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01406.x

Oliver, A., Revuelto, L., Fernández, I., Simó-Algado, S., & Galiana, L. (2019). An integrative model of the subjective well-being of staff working in intellectual disability services. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 87, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.01.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.01.007

Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Psychological Assesment, 5(2), 164-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.164

Pettinicchio, D., & Maroto, M. (2017). Employment outcomes among men and women with disabilities: How the intersection of gender and disability status shapes labor market inequality. En Factors in Studying Employment for Persons with Disability (Research in Social Science and Disability, Vol. 10, pp. 3-33). ). Emerald. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-354720170000010003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-354720170000010003

Roelen, K., & Camfiel, L. (2015). Mixed Methods Research in Poverty and Vulnerability. Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137452511

Trute, B., Benzies, K. M., Worthington, C., Reddon, J. R., & Moore, M. (2010). Accentuate the positive to mitigate the negative: Mother psychological coping resources and family adjustment in childhood disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 35(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250903496328 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250903496328

Ueda, S., & Okawa, Y. (2003). The subjective dimension of functioning and disability: What is it and what is it for ? Disability and Rehabilitation, 25(11-12), 596-601. https://doi.org/10.1080/0963828031000137108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0963828031000137108

van Campen, C., & van Santvoort, M. (2013). Explaining Low Subjective Well-Being of Persons with Disabilities in Europe: The Impact of Disability, Personal Resources, Participation and Socio-Economic Status. Social Indicators Research, 111(3), 839-854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0036-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0036-6

Vera, J., Tánori, J., Bautista, G., & Rodríguez, C. (2018). Bienestar subjetivo en personas con discapacidad motriz en México. Revista Psicologia e Saúde, 10(2), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.20435/pssa.v9i1.375 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20435/pssa.v10i2.694

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and Validation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063

Werner, S., & Shulman, C. (2013). Subjective well-being among family caregivers of individuals with developmental disabilities: The role of affiliate stigma and psychosocial moderating variables. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(11), 4103-4114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.029