Bases moleculares de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos  en Helicobacter pylori: importancia para la vigilancia  epidemiológica y el tratamiento

Flor D. Porras López

doi:10.36829/63CTS.v12i2.1934

Authors

Flor D. Porras López Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3368-3365

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36829/63CTS.v12i2.1934

Keywords:

AMR, resistance genes, multiresistant, next generation sequencing, efflux pumps

Abstract

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern. It is a public health issue that needs a “One Health” approach for its prevention, control and surveillance. This approach integrates human, environmental and animal health to address AMR and other health threats, as it has been shown that commensal and environmental bacteria can horizontally transfer resistance genes to pathogenic bacterial species. Regarding Helicobacter pylori, it is a Gram-negative bacteria that colonizes the human gastric mucosa and is the infectious agent responsible for several gastrointestinal diseases, which typically begin as gastritis and may progress to gastric cancer (GC). Its significance lies in the fact that GC is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In Guatemala, it is the second most common gastrointestinal cancer in terms of both incidence (33%) and mortality (34%). AMR in H. pylori has been documented around the world, with variations from country to country; however, there are no reports for Guatemala. The aim of this review is to present what has been published on the molecular basis of AMR in H. pylori, contributing to its understanding and guiding personalized treatments to prevent chronic infections and GC associated with this bacterium. Molecular mechanisms of AMR are described for the antibiotics used in H. pylori infections treatment.

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