Biomolecular markers in high grade glioma: Narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36829/63CTS.v12i1.1864Keywords:
glioblastoma, MGMT, Ki67, IDH-1, T´P53, P16, TERT, ATRX, molecular diagnosisAbstract
High-grade gliomas (HGG) represent 25% of primary brain tumors and about 80% of malignant brain tumors. They are recognized for their aggressiveness and high heterogeneity. Glioblastoma is the most common type of glioma with an incidence rate around 3.23 per 100,000 people and only a 5-year survival rate of about 6.8%. Treatment frequently involves surgery with maximum safe resection followed by chemotherapy with temozolamide (TMZ) combined with radiotherapy afterwards. Proper diagnosis and prognosis depend on good understanding of their biology at a molecular level. Biomarkers like IDH-1, Ki67, TP53, MGMT, P16 among others, have emerged as indicators to give answer to these questions. This review aims to update the molecular diagnosis of HGG based on World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. A detailed search in databases such as Pubmed and Google Scholar was done for articles since 2005 using specific keywords to ensure the relevance of the articles. This review updates the diagnostic and classification concepts of HGG, offering for future studies on biomarkers associations according HGG classifications as well as their impact on chemotherapy response and patient survival
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