Ecotoxicología ¿Cómo afecta a las comunidades faunísticas de las playas del Pacífico de Guatemala?

Jorge Martinez

doi:10.36829/63CTS.v9i1.1108

Authors

Jorge Martinez Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0174-3351

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36829/63CTS.v9i1.1108

Keywords:

Chemical contamination, toxicology, coastal ecosystems, agroindustry

Abstract

Ecotoxicology studies the effect of chemical pollutants produced by anthropogenic action on different ecosystems. Beaches are an ecosystem of interest since a large amount of sedimentation occurs in these places. Therefore they have the capacity to accumulate significantly higher concentrations of chemical pollutants compared to terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems. In Guatemala, the beaches on the Pacific coast are an ideal subject for ecotoxicological studies due to the strong agricultural activity occurring in the highlands that produces a great amount of chemical pollutants, and the by-products end up in the beaches as a consequence of pluvial and rivers runoff activity. The most widely used chemical is insecticides; among them, organochlorine compounds and methyl parathion stand out, widely used in part due to their high effectiveness. The constant use of these compounds causes them to be absorbed by organisms of all levels, from primary producers to secondary consumers. Regulating the use of these compounds is of common interest because of the negative impacts on coastal ecosystems where there occurs great commercial and recreational activity from coastal communities. Mitigating the impact of these compounds will only be possible if actors influencing the Pacific littoral area become aware of the potential beach destruction and the importance of their function both for daily anthropogenic activities and ecological convergence of multiple species that depend on the beaches for their survival.

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