Melanoma primario de mucosa nasosinusal y bucal: Revisión narrativa

Autores/as

  • Bryan Manolo Orellana Higueros RUI-1914 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3365-2673
  • Elisa Hernández 2Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Escuela de Estudios de Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

Palabras clave:

melanoma, melanoma mucoso, melanoma oral, melanoma nasosinusal

Resumen

Los melanomas primarios de mucosa nasosinusal y bucal (MPMNSB) son tumores agresivos e infrecuentes; muestran un comportamiento biológico diferente al de su contraparte cutánea. Comprenden el 4% de cánceres de cabeza y cuello, y menos del 0.5% de todos los melanomas. Frecuentemente, los MPMNSB son diagnosticados en etapas avanzadas por la dificultad del paciente en reconocer signos y síntomas tempranos. Estudios recientes vinculan su tumorogénesis a alteraciones en diversos genes supresores de tumores y oncogenes que afectan vías de señalización como NRAS, KIT, BRAF, PTEN y MITF, influyendo en la proliferación, supervivencia y apoptosis celular. La identificación de estas alteraciones permite desarrollar terapias dirigidas, como inhibidores de BRAF y KIT (vemurafenib y sunitinib), aplicados actualmente en el melanoma cutáneo metastásico; sin embargo, la respuesta general no ha sido satisfactoria en melanomas de mucosa de cabeza y cuello, cuya sobrevida a cinco años varía entre el 15% y el 30%. Esta revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo proporcionar un recorrido integral sobre los aspectos clínicos, patológicos, moleculares y terapéuticos de los MPMNSB. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de la literatura publicada a nivel mundial utilizando las bases de datos PubMed y Google Académico. Se incluyeron artículos relevantes publicados entre 1990 y 2024, seleccionados con base en su pertinencia para evaluar aspectos clínicos, patológicos, moleculares y terapéuticos del MPMNSB. Para la estrategia de búsqueda se utilizaron las siguientes palabras clave: melanoma mucoso, melanoma oral, melanoma nasosinusal, inmunohistoquímica y terapias dirigidas.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Aguissa-Touré, A.-H., & Li, G. (2012). Genetic alterations of PTEN in human melanoma. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 69(9), 1475-1491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0878-0

American Joint Committee on Cancer. (2017). AJCC cancer staging manual (8.ª ed.). Springer.

Amit, M., Tam, S., Abdelmeguid, A. S., Kupferman, M. E., Su, S. Y., Raza, S. M., DeMonte, F., & Hanna, E. Y. (2017). Role of adjuvant treatment in sinonasal mucosal melanoma. Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base, 78(6), 512-518. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604350

Ascierto, P. A., Accorona, R., Botti, G., Farina, D., Fossati, P., Gatta, G., Gogas, H., Lombardi, D., Maroldi, R., Nicolai, P., Ravanelli, M., & Vanella, V. (2017). Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 112, 136-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.01.019

Ballantyne, A. J. (1970). Malignant melanoma of the skin of the head and neck. American Journal of Surgery, 120(4), 425-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9610(70)80001-0

Ballantyne, A. J. (1976). Analysis of survival and disease control in Stage I melanoma of the head and neck. American Journal of Surgery, 132(4), 484-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(76)90325-1

Ballester Sánchez, R., de Unamuno Bustos, B., Navarro Mira, M., & Botella Estrada, R. (2015). Actualización en melanoma mucoso. Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas, 106(2), 96-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2014.04.012

Bandarchi, B., Jabbari, C. A., Vedadi, A., & Navab, R. (2013). Molecular biology of normal melanocytes and melanoma cells. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 66(8), 644-648. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201471

Bansal, S. P., Dhanawade, S. S., Arvandekar, A. S., Mehta, V., & Desai, R. S. (2021). Oral amelanotic melanoma: A systematic review of case reports and case series. Head and Neck Pathology, 16(2), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-021-01366-w

Baruch, E. N., Youngster, I., Ben Betzalel, G., Ortenberg, R., Lahat, A., Katz, L., Adler, K., Dick Necula, D., Waldman, A., Smith, Y., Bar Sagi, D., Zeira, E., Tirosh, I., Aung, K., Gofrit, O., Hanuka Tal, R., Steinberg Silman, Y., Horn, L. C., Shapira Frommer, R., … Boursi, B. (2021). Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy refractory melanoma patients. Science, 371(6529), 602-609. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb5920

Bhartiya, R. (2015). Malignant melanoma of nasal cavity – A case report. Journal of Clincal and Diagnostic Research, 9(12), ED21-ED22. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2015/17009.6995

Bis, S., & Tsao, H. (2013). Melanoma genetics: The other side. Clinics in Dermatoogy, 31(2), 148-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2012.08.003

Bologna, S. B., Nico, M. M. S., Hsieh, R., Coutinho-Camillo, C. M., Buim, M. E., Fernandes, J. D., Sangueza, M., Soares, F. A., & Lourenço, S. V. (2013). Adhesion molecules in primary oral mucosal melanoma: Study of claudins, integrins and immunoglobulins in a series of 35 cases. American Journal of Dermatopathology, 35(5), 541-554. https://doi.org/10.1097/dad.0b013e318276cab3

Buery, R. R., Siar, C. H., Katase, N., Ganduz, M., Lefeuvre, M., Fujii, M., Inoue, M., Setu, K., & Nagatsuka, H. (2011). NRAS and BRAF mutation frequency in primary oral mucosal melanoma. Oncology Reports, 26(4), 763-787. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2011.1385

Campos de Resende, T., Benevenuto de Andrade, B. A., Bernardes, V. F., Pizziolo Coura, B., Delgado-Azañero, W., Mosqueda-Taylor, A., Paes de Almeida, O., Gomes, C. C., & Gomez, R. S. (2021). BRAFV600E mutation in oral melanocytic nevus and oral mucosal melanoma. Oral Oncology, 114, 105053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105053

Carvajal, R. D., Lawrence, D. P., Weber, J. S., Gajewski, T. F., Gonzalez, R., Lutzky, J., O’Day, S. J., Hamid, O., Wolchok, J. D., Chapman, P. B., Sullivan, R. J., Teitcher, J. B., Ramaiya, N., Giobbie-Hurder, A., Antonescu, C. R., Heinrich, M. C., Bastian, B. C., Corless, C. L., Fletcher, J. A., & Hodi, F. S. (2015). Phase II study of nilotinib in melanoma harboring KIT alterations following progression to prior KIT inhibition. Clinical Cancer Research, 21(10), 2289-2296. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1630

Chae, Y.-S., Lee, J.-Y., Lee, J.-W., Park, J.-Y., Kim, S. M., & Lee, J.-H. (2020). Survival of oral mucosal melanoma according to treatment, tumour resection margin, and metastases. British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 58(9), 1097-1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.028

Chang, A. E., Karnell, L. H., & Menck, H. R. (1998). The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: A summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. Cancer, 83(8), 1664-1678. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1664: AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-G

Chapman, P. B., Hauschild, A., Robert, C., Haanen, J. B., Ascierto, P., Larkin, J., Dummer, R., Garbe, C., Testori, A., Maio, M., Hogg, D., Lorigan, P., Lebbe, C., Jouary, T., Schadendorf, D., Ribas, A., O’Day, S. J., Sosman, J. A., Kirkwood, J. M., … McArthur, G. A. (2011). Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(26), 2507-2516. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1103782

Chen, Y.-C., Gotea, V., Margolin, G., & Elnitski, L. (2017). Significant associations between driver gene mutations and DNA methylation alterations across many cancer types. PLoS Computational Biology, 13(11), Artículo e1005840. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005840

Clavero Rovira, L., Gómez Tomás, Á., Bassas Freixas, P., Bodet, D., Ferrer, B., Hernández Losa, J., Muñoz Couselo, E., Pérez Benavente, A., García Patos, V., & Ferrándiz Pulido, C. (2024). Mucosal melanoma clinical management and prognostic implications: A retrospective cohort study. Cancers, 16(1), Articulo 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16010227

Colombino, M., Lissia, A., Franco, R., Botti, G., Ascierto, P. A., Manca, A., Sini, M. C., Pisano, M., Paliogiannis, P., Tanda, F., Palmieri, G., & Cossu, A. (2013). Unexpected distribution of c-KIT and BRAF mutations among southern Italian patients with sinonasal melanoma. Dermatology, 226(3), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1159/000350683

Cohen Goldemberg, D., de Melo, A. C., de Melo Pino, L. C., & Thuler, L. C. S. (2020). Epidemiological profile of mucosal melanoma in Brazil. Scientific Reports, 10(1), Artículo 505. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57253-6

College of American Pathologists. (2023). Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with cancers of the oral cavity (Version 4.2.0.0) [Cancer protocol template]. https://documents.cap.org/protocols/HN.Oral_4.2.0.0.REL_CAPCP.pdf

Curtin, J. A., Busam, K., Pinkel, D., & Bastian, B. C. (2006). Somatic activation of KIT in distinct subtypes of melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24(26), 4340-4346. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.06.2984

D'Angelo, S. P., Larkin, J., Sosman, J. A., Lebbé, C., Brady, B., Neyns, B., Schmidt, H., Hassel, J. C., Hodi, F. S., Lorigan, P., Savage, K. J., Miller, W. H., Jr., Mohr, P., Marquez-Rodas, I., Charles, J., Kaatz, M., Sznol, M., Weber, J. S., Shoushtari, A. N., … Wolchok, J. D. (2016). Efficacy and safety of nivolumab alone or in combination with ipilimumab in patients with mucosal melanoma: A pooled analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 35(2), 226-235. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.67.9258

Davis, E. J., Johnson, D. B., Sosman, J. A., & Chandra, S. (2018). Melanoma: What do all the mutations mean? Cancer, 124(17), 3490-3499. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31345

de-Andrade, B. A. B., León, J. E., Carlos, R., Delgado-Azañero, W., Mosqueda-Taylor, A., Graner, E., & de Almeida, O. P. (2011). Expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in oral nevi and melanoma. Oral Diseases, 17(8), 808-812. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01841.x

de-Andrade, B. A. B., León, J. E., Carlos, R., Delgado-Azañero, W., Mosqueda-Taylor, A., & de Almeida, O. P. (2012). Immunohistochemical expression of p16, p21, p27 and cyclin D1 in oral nevi and melanoma. Head and Neck Pathology, 6(3), 297-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-012-0334-y

de-Andrade, B. A. B., León, J. E., Carlos, R., Delgado-Azañero, W., Mosqueda-Taylor, A., Graner, E., & de Almeida, O. P. (2012). Primary nasal mucosal melanoma in Brazil: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 patients. Annals of Diagnostic Pathology, 16(5), 344–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.02.001

de-Andrade, B. A. B., Toral-Rizo, V. H., Leon, J. E., Contreras, E., Carlos, R., Delgado-Azanero, W., Mosqueda-Taylor, A., & de-Almeida, O. P. (2012). Primary oral melanoma: A histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 22 cases of Latin America. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal, 17(3), e383-e388. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.17588

de-Andrade, B. A. B., León, J. E., Carlos, R., Delgado-Azañero, W., Mosqueda-Taylor, A., & de Almeida, O. P. (2013). Expression of minichromosome maintenance 2, Ki-67, and geminin in oral nevi and melanoma. Annals of Diagnostic Pathology, 17(1), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.05.001

De Giorgi, V., Savarese, I., D’Errico, A., Gori, A., Papi, F., Colombino, M., Sini, M. C., Grazzini, M., Stanganelli, I., Rossari, S., Covarelli, P., Massi, D., & Palmieri, G. (2015). Epidemiological features and prognostic parameters of multiple primary melanomas in CDKN2A‐mutations patients. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, 28(6), 747-751. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.12403

do Nascimento, J., Carlos, R., Delgado-Azañero, W., Mosqueda Taylor, A., de Almeida, O. P., Romañach, M. J., & de-Andrade, B. A. B. (2016). Immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in oral nevi and melanoma. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 45(6), 440-443. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12385

Dréno, M., Georges, M., Espitalier, F., Ferron, C., Charnolé, A., Dréno, B., & Malard, O. (2017). Sinonasal mucosal melanoma: A 44-case study and literature analysis. European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases, 134(4), 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2017.02.003

Dunford, A., Weinstock, D. M., Savova, V., Schumacher, S. E., Cleary, J. P., Yoda, A., Sullivan, T. J., Hess, J. M., Gimelbrant, A. A., Beroukhim, R., Lawrence, M. S., Getz, G., & Lane, A. A. (2017). Tumor-suppressor genes that escape from X-inactivation contribute to cancer sex bias. Nature Genetics, 49(1), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3726

Elder, D. E., Bastian, B. C., Cree, I. A., Massi, D., & Scolyer, R. A. (2020). The 2018 World Health Organization classification of cutaneous, mucosal, and uveal melanoma: Detailed analysis of 9 distinct subtypes defined by their evolutionary pathway. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 144(4), 500-522. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2019-0561-R

Feller, L., Khammissa, R. A. G., & Lemmer, J. (2017). A review of the aetiopathogenesis and clinical and histopathological features of oral mucosal melanoma. The Scientific World Journal, Artículo 9189812. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9189812

Feller, L., Masilana, A., Khammissa, R. A. G., Altini, M., Jadwat, Y., & Lemmer, J. (2014). Melanin: The biophysiology of oral melanocytes and physiological oral pigmentation. Head & Face Medicine, 10(1), Artículo 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-160x-10-8

Garrido, M. C., & Bastian, B. C. (2010). KIT as a therapeutic target in melanoma. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 130(1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2009.334

Germano, A., Cardili, L., Carapeto, F. C. L., & Landman, G. (2019). BRAFV600E and KIT immunoexpression in early-stage melanoma. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 94(4), 458-460. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198349

Glutsch, V., Wobser, M., Schilling, B., Gesierich, A., Goebeler, M., & Kneitz, H. (2022). PRAME expression as helpful immunohistochemical marker in rhabdoid melanoma. Dermatopathology, 9(2), 148-157. https://doi.org/10.3390/dermatopathology9020019

Guevara-Canales, J.-O., Gutierrez-Morales, M.-M., Sacsaquispe-Contreras, S.-J., Sanchez-Lihon, J., & Morales-Vadillo, R. (2012). Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. Review of the literature and experience in a Peruvian population. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal, 17(2), e206-e211. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.17477

Haluska, F. G., Tsao, H., Wu, H., Haluska, F. S., Lazar, A., & Goel, V. (2006). Genetic alterations in signaling pathways in melanoma. Clinical Cancer Research, 12(7), 2301s-2307s. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2518

Hayward, N. K., Wilmott, J. S., Waddell, N., Johansson, P. A., Field, M. A., Nones, K., Patch, A.-M., Kakavand, H., Alexandrov, L. B., Burke, H., Jakrot, V., Kazakoff, S., Holmes, O., Leonard, C., Sabarinathan, R., Mularoni, L., Wood, S., Xu, Q., Waddell, N., … Mann, G. J. (2017). Whole-genome landscapes of major melanoma subtypes. Nature, 545(7653), 175-180. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22071

Hovander, D., Allen, J., Oda, D., & Moshiri, A. S. (2021). PRAME immunohistochemistry is useful in the diagnosis of oral malignant melanoma. Oral Oncology, 124, Artículo 105500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105500

Hsieh, R., Nico, M. M. S., Camillo, C. M. C., Oliveira, K. K., Sangueza, M., & Lourenço, S. V. (2017). Mutational status of NRAS and BRAF genes and protein expression analysis in a series of primary oral mucosal melanoma. American Journal of Dermatopathology, 39(2), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.1097/dad.0000000000000605

Hsieh, R., Nico, M. M. S., Coutinho-Camillo, C. M., Buim, M. E., Sangueza, M., & Lourenço, S. V. (2013). The CDKN2A and MAP kinase pathways: Molecular roads to primary oral mucosal melanoma. American Journal of Dermatopathology, 35(2), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1097/dad.0b013e31825fa1f6

Jangard, M., Zebary, A., Ragnarsson-Olding, B., & Hansson, J. (2015). TERT promoter mutations in sinonasal malignant melanoma: A study of 49 cases. Melanoma Research, 25(3), 185-188. https://doi.org/10.1097/cmr.0000000000000148

Jung, S., & Johnson, D. B. (2022). Management of acral and mucosal melanoma: Medical oncology perspective. Oncologist, 27(8), 703-710. https://doi.org/10.1093/oncolo/oyac091

Kawakami, A., & Fisher, D. E. (2017). The master role of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in melanocyte and melanoma biology. Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology, 97(6), 649-656. https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2017.9

Keung, E. Z., & Gershenwald, J. E. (2018). The eighth edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging system: Implications for melanoma treatment and care. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 18(8), 775-784.

https://doi.org/10.1080/14737140.2018.1489246

Koivunen, P., Bäck, L., Pukkila, M., Laranne, J., Kinnunen, I., Grénman, R., & Mäkitie, A. A. (2012). Accuracy of the current TNM classification in predicting survival in patients with sinonasal mucosal melanoma. Laryngoscope, 122(8), 1734-1738. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.23343

Koludrovic, D., & Davidson, I. (2013). MITF, the Janus transcription factor of melanoma. Future Oncology, 9(2), 235-244. https://doi.org/10.2217/fon.12.177

Lazos, M., Suárez, N., & López, L. (2001). Melanoma extracutáneo de cabeza y cuello. Estudio clínico-patológico de 19 casos. Revista Médica del Hospital General de México, 64(3), 131-136.

Lerner, B. A., Stewart, L. A., Horowitz, D. P., & Carvajal, R. D. (2017). Mucosal melanoma: New insights and therapeutic options for a unique and aggressive disease. Oncology, 31(11), e23-e32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29179253/

Lian, B., Si, L., Cui, C., Song, X., Mao, L., Chi, Z., Kong, Y., Sheng, X., Wang, X., Han, M., & Guo, J. (2024). Phase II clinical trial of neoadjuvant anti–PD-1 (toripalimab) plus axitinib in resectable mucosal melanoma. Annals of Oncology, 35(2), 211-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2023.11.016

Lima, R. K. de, Francisco, A. L. N., Furlan, M. V., Lourenço, S. V., Pinto, C. A. L., Kowalski, L. P., & Ikeda, M. K. (2018). Oral Mucosal Melanoma: Clinico-pathological analysis of 30 cases in a single center. Archives of Head and Neck Surgery, 47(1). https://doi.org/10.4322/ahns.2018.0862

Liu, S., Gao, G., Yan, D., Chen, X., Yao, X., Guo, S., Li, G., & Zhao, Y. (2017). Retracted: Effects of miR‐145‐5p through NRAS on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in melanoma by inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Cancer Medicine, 6(4), 819-833. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.1030

Long, G. V., Menzies, A. M., Nagrial, A. M., Haydu, L. E., Hamilton, A. L., Mann, G. J., Hughes, T. M., Thompson, J. F., Scolyer, R. A., & Kefford, R. F. (2011). Prognostic and clinicopathologic associations of oncogenic BRAF in metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 29(10), 1239-1246. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.32.4327

López, F., Rodrigo, J. P., Cardesa, A., Triantafyllou, A., Devaney, K. O., Mendenhall, W. M., Haigentz, M., Jr., Strojan, P., Pellitteri, P. K., Bradford, C. R., Shaha, A. R., Hunt, J. L., de Bree, R., Takes, R. P., Rinaldo, A., & Ferlito, A. (2016). Update on primary head and neck mucosal melanoma. Head & Neck, 38(1), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.23872

Lourenço, S. V., Bologna, S. B., Hsieh, R., Sangueza, M., Fernandes, J. D., & Nico, M. M. S. (2013). Establishment and characterization of an oral mucosal melanoma cell line (MEMO) derived from a longstanding primary oral melanoma. American Journal of Dermatopathology, 35(2), 248-251. https://doi.org/10.1097/dad.0b013e31826a9905

Lourenço, S. V., Fernandes, J. D., Hsieh, R., Coutinho-Camillo, C. M., Bologna, S., Sangueza, M., & Nico, M. M. S. (2014). Head and neck mucosal melanoma: A review. American Journal of Dermatopathology, 36(7), 578-587. https://doi.org/10.1097/dad.0000000000000035

Luna-Ortiz, K., Aguilar-Romero, M., Villavicencio-Valencia, V., Zepeda-Castilla, E., Vidrio-Morgado, H., Peteuil, N., & Mosqueda-Taylor, A. (2016). Comparative study between two different staging systems (AJCC TNM VS BALLANTYNE’S) for mucosal melanomas of the Head & Neck. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal, 21(4), e425-e430. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.21132

Lyu, J., Wu, Y., Li, C., Wang, R., Song, H., Ren, G., & Guo, W. (2016). Mutation scanning of BRAF, NRAS, KIT, and GNAQ/GNA11 in oral mucosal melanoma: A study of 57 cases. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 45(4), 295-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12358

Maldonado-Mendoza, J., Ramírez-Amador, V., & Anaya-Saavedra, G. (2023). Primary oral and sinonasal mucosal melanomas in Latin America: A systematic review. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 53(6), 449-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2023.11.002

Maldonado-Mendoza, J., Ramírez-Amador, V., Anaya-Saavedra, G., Ruíz-García, E., Maldonado-Martínez, H., Fernández Figueroa, E., & Meneses-García, A. (2019). CD117 immunoexpression in oral and sinonasal mucosal melanoma does not correlate with somatic driver mutations in the MAPK pathway. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 48(5), 382-388. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12849

Marcus, D. M., Marcus, R. P., Prabhu, R. S., Owonikoko, T. K., Lawson, D. H., Switchenko, J., & Beitler, J. J. (2012). Rising incidence of mucosal melanoma of the head and neck in the United States. Journal of Skin Cancer, Artículo 231693. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/231693

Mellouli, N., Sioud, S., Garma, M., Chokri, A., Hamdi, H., & Selmi, J. (2019). Oral malignant melanoma: History of malignant degeneration of a pigmented lesion. Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, 25(2), Artículo 19. https://doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2019003

Merkel, E. A., & Gerami, P. (2017). Malignant melanoma of sun-protected sites: A review of clinical, histological, and molecular features. Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology, 97(6), 630-635. https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2016.147

Miao, Y., Wang, R., Ju, H., Ren, G., Guo, W., & Lyu, J. (2015). TERT promoter mutation is absent in oral mucosal melanoma. Oral Oncology, 51(8), e65-e66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.05.009

Mihajlovic, M., Vlajkovic, S., Jovanovic, P., & Stefanovic, V. (2012). Primary mucosal melanomas: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 5(8), 739-753. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23071856/

Mikkelsen, L. H., Larsen, A.-C., von Buchwald, C., Drzewiecki, K. T., Prause, J. U., & Heegaard, S. (2016). Mucosal malignant melanoma - a clinical, oncological, pathological and genetic survey. Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, et Immunologica Scandinavica, 124(6), 475-486. https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.12529

Mione, M., & Bosserhoff, A. (2015). MicroRNAs in melanocyte and melanoma biology. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, 28(3), 340-354. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.12346

Mohan, M., Sukhadia, V. Y., Pai, D., & Bhat, S. (2013). Oral malignant melanoma: Systematic review of literature and report of two cases. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 116(4), e247-e254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2011.11.034

Molina García, M., Rojas Lechuga, M. J., Torres Moral, T., Bagué, J., Mateu, J., Langdon, C., Lop, J., Gonçalves de Souza, V., Alós, L., López Chacón, M., Podlipnik, S., Carrera, C., Malvehy, J., Alobid, I., da Silva Júnior, R. M. P., & Puig, S. (2024). Distinct transcriptomic and tumor microenvironment profiles in sinonasal mucosal melanoma and aggressive cutaneous melanomas. Cancers, 16(24), Artículo 4172. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16244172

Mueller, D. W., Rehli, M., & Bosserhoff, A. K. (2009). MiRNA expression profiling in melanocytes and melanoma cell lines reveals miRNAs associated with formation and progression of malignant melanoma. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 129(7), 1740-1751. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2008.452

Naffouje, S., Naffouje, R., Bhagwandin, S., & Salti, G. I. (2015). Microphthalmia transcription factor in malignant melanoma predicts occult sentinel lymph node metastases and survival. Melanoma Research, 25(6), 496-502. https://doi.org/10.1097/cmr.0000000000000195

Narasimhan, K., Kucuk, O., Lin, H.-S., Heilbrun, L., Carron, M., Venkatramanamoorthy, R., & Mathog, R. (2009). Sinonasal mucosal melanoma: A 13-year experience at a single institution. Skull Base, 19(4), 255-262. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1115321

Nenclares, P., Ap Dafydd, D., Bagwan, I., Begg, D., Kerawala, C., King, E., Lingley, K., Paleri, V., Paterson, G., Payne, M., Silva, P., Steven, N., Turnbull, N., Yip, K., & Harrington, K. J. (2020). Head and neck mucosal melanoma: The United Kingdom national guidelines. European Journal of Cancer, 138, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2020.07.017

Newell, F., Kong, Y., Wilmott, J. S., Johansson, P. A., Ferguson, P. M., Cui, C., Li, Z., Kazakoff, S. H., Burke, H., Dodds, T. J., Patch, A.-M., Nones, K., Tembe, V., Shang, P., van der Weyden, L., Wong, K., Holmes, O., Lo, S., Leonard, C., … Scolyer, R. A. (2019). Whole-genome landscape of mucosal melanoma reveals diverse drivers and therapeutic targets. Nature Communications, 10(1), Artículo 3163. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11107-x

Ohshima, S., Ueki, Y., Yokoyama, Y., Takahashi, T., Shodo, R., Yamazaki, K., Okabe, R., Matsuyama, H., Togashi, T., Takatsuka, S., Takenouchi, T., & Horii, A. (2022). Treatment outcomes of mucosal melanoma of head and neck: Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced disease. Frontiers in Surgery, 9, Artículo 1032626. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.1032626

Öztürk Sari, Ş., Yilmaz, İ., Taşkin, O. Ç., Narli, G., Şen, F., Çomoğlu, Ş., Firat, P., Bİlgİç, B., Yilmazbayhan, D., Özlük, Y., & Büyükbabanİ, N. (2017). BRAF, NRAS, KIT, TERT, GNAQ/GNA11 mutation profile analysis of head and neck mucosal melanomas: A study of 42 cases. Pathology, 49(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2016.09.065

Palmieri, G., Ombra, M., Colombino, M., Casula, M., Sini, M., Manca, A., Paliogiannis, P., Ascierto, P. A., & Cossu, A. (2015). Multiple molecular pathways in melanomagenesis: Characterization of therapeutic targets. Frontiers in Oncology, 5, Artículo 183. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2015.00183

Poenitzsch Strong, A. M., Setaluri, V., & Spiegelman, V. S. (2014). microRNA-340 as a modulator of RAS-RAF-MAPK signaling in melanoma. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 563, 118-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.012

Pontes, F. S. C., de Souza, L. L., de Abreu, M. C., Fernandes, L. A., Rodrigues, A. L. M., do Nascimento, D. M., Vasconcelos, V. C. S., Soares, C. D., Corrêa, D. L., Fonseca, F. P., de-Andrade, B. A. B., & Pontes, H. A. R. (2020). Sinonasal melanoma: A systematic review of the prognostic factors. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 49(5), 549-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2019.11.001

Prasad, M. L., Patel, S. G., Huvos, A. G., Shah, J. P., & Busam, K. J. (2004). Primary mucosal melanoma of the head and neck: A proposal for microstaging localized, Stage I (lymph node-negative) tumors. Cancer, 100(8), 1657-1664. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20201

Prasad, M. L., Patel, S. G., Shah, J. P., Hoshaw-Woodard, S., & Busam, K. J. (2012). Prognostic significance of regulators of cell cycle and apoptosis, p16INK4a, p53, and bcl-2 in primary mucosal melanomas of the head and neck. Head and Neck Pathology, 6(2), 184-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-011-0319-2

Restrepo, C., & Velásquez, M. M. (2012). Mecanismos de patogénesis del melanoma maligno. Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Dermatología y Cirugía Dermatológica, 20(2), 161-172. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-652136

Rivera, R. S., Nagatsuka, H., Gunduz, M., Cengiz, B., Gunduz, E., Siar, C. H., Tsujigiwa, H., Tamamura, R., Han, K. N., & Nagai, N. (2008). C-kit protein expression correlated with activating mutations in KIT gene in oral mucosal melanoma. International Journal of Pathology, 452(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-007-0524-2

Rodrigues, B.-T., Cunha, J.-L., Albuquerque, D.-M., Chagas, W.-P., Freire, N.-D., Agostini, M., Canedo, N.-H., Albuquerque Júnior, R.-L., de Sousa, S.-F., Abrahão, A.-C., Romañach, M.-J., & Almeida, O.-P. (2021). Primary melanoma of the oral cavity: A multi-institutional retrospective analysis in Brazil. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal, 26(3), e379-e386. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.24240

Roh, M. R., Eliades, P., Gupta, S., & Tsao, H. (2015). Genetics of melanocytic nevi. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, 28(6), 661-672. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.12412

Santi, R., Simi, L., Fucci, R., Paglierani, M., Pepi, M., Pinzani, P., Merelli, B., Santucci, M., Botti, G., Urso, C., & Massi, D. (2014). KIT genetic alterations in anorectal melanomas. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 68(2), 130-134. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202572

Sarra, L., Rodríguez, J. C., García-Valea, M., Arédez-Ferrer, A., Vino, A., & Guassardo, B. (2013). Melanoma mucoso de tabique nasal. Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial, 35(4), 167-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maxilo.2011.12.002

Schadendorf, D., Fisher, D. E., Garbe, C., Gershenwald, J. E., Grob, J.-J., Halpern, A., Herlyn, M., Marchetti, M. A., McArthur, G., Ribas, A., Roesch, A., & Hauschild, A. (2015). Melanoma. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, 1(1), Artículo 15003. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.3

Shain, A. H., & Bastian, B. C. (2016). From melanocytes to melanomas. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 16(6), 345-358. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2016.37

Shtivelman, E., Davies, M. A., Hwu, P., Yang, J., Lotem, M., Oren, M., Flaherty, K. T., & Fisher, D. E. (2014). Pathways and therapeutic targets in melanoma. Oncotarget, 5(7), 1701-1752. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.1892

Shuman, A. G., Light, E., Olsen, S. H., Pynnonen, M. A., Taylor, J. M. G., Johnson, T. M., & Bradford, C. R. (2011). Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck: Predictors of prognosis. Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 137(4), 331. https://doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2011.46

Soares, C., de Lima Morais, T. M., Carlos, R., Mariano, F. V., Altemani, A., Freire de Carvalho, M. G., Corrêa, M. B., Dias dos Reis, R. R., Amorim, L. S., Paes de Almeida, O., & Jorge, J. (2018). Phosphorylated Akt1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in cutaneous, oral and sinonasal melanomas. Oncotarget, 9(99), 37291-37304. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.26458

Soares, C. D., de Lima Morais, T. M., Carlos, R., de Almeida, O. P., Mariano, F. V., Altemani, A., de Carvalho, M. G. F., Corrêa, M. B., dos Reis, R. R. D., Amorim, L. S., & Jorge, J. (2019). Prognostic importance of mitochondrial markers in mucosal and cutaneous head and neck melanomas. Human Pathology, 85, 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2018.11.009

Soares, C. D., de Lima Morais, T. M., Mariano, F. V., Altemani, A., Corrêa, M. B., Dias dos Reis, R. R., Amorim, L. S., Ferreira, S. M. S., de Almeida, O. P., Carlos, R., & Jorge, J. (2019). Expression of mitochondrial dynamics markers during melanoma progression: Comparative study of head and neck cutaneous and mucosal melanomas. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 48(5), 373-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12855

Soares, C. D., Carlos, R., Benevenuto de Andrade, B. A., Cunha, J. L. S., Agostini, M., Romañach, M. J., Hernandez-Guerrero, J. C., Mosqueda-Taylor, A., de Almeida, O. P., & Jorge, J. (2020). Oral amelanotic melanomas: Clinicopathologic features of 8 cases and review of the literature. International Journal of Surgical Pathology, 29(3), 263-272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066896920946435

Song, H., Wu, Y., Ren, G., Guo, W., & Wang, L. (2015). Prognostic factors of oral mucosal melanoma: Histopathological analysis in a retrospective cohort of 82 cases. Histopathology, 67(4), 548-556. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.12692

Tacastacas, J. D., Bray, J., Cohen, Y. K., Arbesman, J., Kim, J., Koon, H. B., Honda, K., Cooper, K. D., & Gerstenblith, M. R. (2014). Update on primary mucosal melanoma. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 71(2), 366-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.031

Takata, M., Murata, H., & Saida, T. (2010). Molecular pathogenesis of malignant melanoma: A different perspective from the studies of melanocytic nevus and acral melanoma. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, 23(1), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-148x.2009.00645.x

Thompson, L. D. R., Wieneke, J. A., & Miettinen, M. (2003). Sinonasal tract and nasopharyngeal melanomas: A clinicopathologic study of 115 cases with a proposed staging system. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 27(5), 594–611. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-200305000-00006

Thuaire, A., Nicot, R., Boileau, M., Raoul, G., Descarpentries, C., Mouawad, F., Germain, N., Mortier, L., & Schlund, M. (2022). Oral mucosal melanoma - A systematic review. Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 123(5), e425-e432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2022.02.002

Tlholoe, M. M., Khammissa, R. A. G., Bouckaert, M., Altini, M., Lemmer, J., & Feller, L. (2015). Oral mucosal melanoma: Some pathobiological considerations and an illustrative report of a case. Head and Neck Pathology, 9(1), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-014-0526-8

Toscano de Mendonça, U. B., Cernea, C. R., Matos, L. L., & Monteiro de Araujo Lima, R. R. (2018). Analysis of KIT gene mutations in patients with melanoma of the head and neck mucosa: a retrospective clinical report. Oncotarget, 9(33), 22886-22894. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.25094

Tsiambas, E., Mastronikolis, N. S., Ragos, V., & Fotiades, P. P. (2018). C kit in oral mucosal melanoma. Journal of BUON, 23(6), 1927-1928.

Tsushima, N., Kano, S., Hatanaka, K. C., Suzuki, T., Hamada, S., Idogawa, H., Nakamaru, Y., Suzuki, M., Hatanaka, Y., & Homma, A. (2024). Targeted next-generation sequencing of Japanese patients with sinonasal mucosal melanomas identifies frequent NRAS and CTNNB1 mutations. Auris Nasus Larynx, 51(2), 313-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2023.10.002

Turri-Zanoni, M., Medicina, D., Lombardi, D., Ungari, M., Balzarini, P., Rossini, C., Pellegrini, W., Battaglia, P., Capella, C., Castelnuovo, P., Palmedo, G., Facchetti, F., Kutzner, H., Nicolai, P., & Vermi, W. (2012). Sinonasal mucosal melanoma: Molecular profile and therapeutic implications from a series of 32 cases. Head & Neck, 35(8), 1066-1077. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.23079

Turri-Zanoni, M., Medicina, D., Lombardi, D., Ungari, M., Balzarini, P., Rossini, C., Pellegrini, W., Battaglia, P., Capella, C., & Castelnuovo, P. (2013). Sinonasal mucosal melanoma: Molecular profile and therapeutic implications from a series of 32 cases. Head & Neck, 35(8), 1066-1077. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.23079

Tyrrell, H., & Payne, M. (2018). Combatting mucosal melanoma: Recent advances and future perspectives. Melanoma Management, 5(3), Artículo MMT11. https://doi.org/10.2217/mmt-2018-0003

Venza, M., Visalli, M., Beninati, C., Biondo, C., Teti, D., & Venza, I. (2016). Role of genetics and epigenetics in mucosal, uveal, and cutaneous melanomagenesis. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 16(5), 528-538. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871520615666150803124139

Vikey, A. K., & Vikey, D. (2012). Primary malignant melanoma, of head and neck: A comprehensive review of literature. Oral Oncology, 48(5), 399-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.12.014

Wang, M., Banik, I., Shain, A. H., Yeh, I., & Bastian, B. C. (2022). Integrated genomic analyses of acral and mucosal melanomas nominate novel driver genes. Genome Medicine, 14(1), Artículo 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-022-01068-0

Wang, Y., Sun, L., He, Y., Liang, X., Pan, Z., Wang, Y., Liu, M., Zhou, X., & Kong, Y. (2024). The genetic evolution of acral melanoma. Nature Communications, 15(1), 6146. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-44685-6

Warszawik-Hendzel, O., Słowińska, M., Olszewska, M., & Rudnicka, L. (2014). Melanoma of the oral cavity: Pathogenesis, dermoscopy, clinical features, staging and management. Journal of Dermatological Case Reports, 8(3), 60-66. https://doi.org/10.3315/jdcr.2014.1175

Wehbe, L., Wehbe, T., Jaber, J., & Gross, N. D. (2022). Immunotherapy as a treatment modality for mucosal melanoma of the head and neck: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(31), Artículo e29979. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000029979

WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. (2017). WHO classification of head and neck tumours (4.a ed., vol. 9). International Agency for Research on Cancer.

WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. (2022). WHO classification of tumours: Head and neck tumours (5.a ed., vol. 9). International Agency for Research on Cancer.

WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. (2024). WHO classification of tumours: Head and neck tumours (5.a ed., vol. 9). International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Wu, Y., Zhong, Y., Li, C., Song, H., Guo, W., & Ren, G. (2014). Neck dissection for oral mucosal melanoma: Caution of nodular lesion. Oral Oncology, 50(4), 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.01.008

Youssef, D., Vasani, S., Marquess, J., & Cervin, A. (2017). Rising incidence of head and neck mucosal melanoma in Australia. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 131(S2), S25-S28. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116009385

Yu, C.-H., Chen, H.-H., Liu, C.-M., Jeng, Y.-M., Wang, J.-T., Wang, Y.-P., Liu, B.-Y., Sun, A., & Chiang, C.-P. (2005). HMB‐45 may be a more sensitive maker than S‐100 or Melan‐A for immunohistochemical diagnosis of primary oral and nasal mucosal melanomas. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 34(9), 540-545. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2005.00340.x

Zebary, A., Jangard, M., Omholt, K., Ragnarsson-Olding, B., & Hansson, J. (2013). KIT, NRAS and BRAF mutations in sinonasal mucosal melanoma: A study of 56 cases. British Journal of Cancer, 109(3), 559-564. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.373

Zhou, R., Shi, C., Tao, W., Li, J., Wu, J., Han, Y., Yang, G., Gu, Z., Xu, S., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Zhou, G., Zhang, C., Zhang, Z., & Sun, S. (2019). Analysis of mucosal melanoma whole genome landscapes reveals clinically relevant genomic aberrations. Clinical Cancer Research, 25(12), 3548-3560. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-3442

Descargas

Publicado

2025-06-30

Cómo citar

Orellana Higueros, B. M., & Hernández, E. (2025). Melanoma primario de mucosa nasosinusal y bucal: Revisión narrativa . Ciencia, Tecnologí­a Y Salud, 12(1), 34–56. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.usac.edu.gt/index.php/cytes/article/view/1872

Número

Vol. 12 Núm. 1 (2025)

Sección

Artículos de revisión

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2026 Bryan Manolo Orellana Higueros, Elisa Hernández

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

El autor que publique en esta revista acepta las siguientes condiciones:

  1. El autor otorga a la Dirección General de Investigación el derecho de editar, reproducir, publicar y difundir el manuscrito en forma impresa o electrónica en la revista Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud.
  2. La Direción General de Investigación otorgará a la obra una licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a