Evaluation of chitosan-bentonite composite membranes for apparent NaCl removal from synthetic brackish water
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36829/08ASA.v20i1.2132Keywords:
saltwater, bentonite, sodium chloride, gravity filtration, chitosan membranes, interfacial polymerizationAbstract
Chitosan-bentonite composite membranes were evaluated for apparent NaCl removal from synthetic brackish water using gravity-driven filtration. Chitosan supports were prepared by two procedures, and the active layer was obtained by interfacial polymerization with natural or CTAB-modified bentonite at 0.5%, 1%, and 5%. The membranes were characterized by physical, morphological, textural, and hydraulic properties, and apparent NaCl removal was estimated from changes in electrical conductivity. All membranes showed hydrophilic behavior and high permeability, with an average surface flux of 633.00 L/(m²·h) and an average volumetric flow of 0.010 mL/s. The highest adjusted apparent removal was 3.70% for the 1% Qt-A1 membrane, with an overall adjusted average of 1.00%; no statistically significant differences were found among membrane types or bentonite concentrations. The low removal could be associated with limited pore selectivity, heterogeneous bentonite distribution, particle agglomeration, and insufficient cation exchange. Qt-Bt membranes show potential as base materials for water treatment, but structural and chemical optimization is required to improve selectivity and stability.
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