Calidad del agua en el paisaje de la Ecorregión Lachuá: Comparando arroyos en bosque, milpa y palma africana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36829/63CTS.v9i1.921Palabras clave:
Ríos de primer orden, Elaeis guineensis, ciclo del silicio, agricultura tradicional, bosques ribereños, Franja Transversal del NorteResumen
La red hídrica en la Ecorregión Lachuá (EL), Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, alberga una alta biodiversidad y abastece de agua a 44 comunidades mayas. Sin embargo, recientemente se ha visto amenazada por actividades industriales escasamente monitoreadas, incluido el creciente monocultivo de palma africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) del cual se desconocen sus impactos en la EL. Este estudio explora la calidad del agua de arroyos en plantaciones de palma africana (P), bosques primarios (B), y sistemas de potrero y milpa (M) en Lachuá. Durante 2015-2016, se tomaron muestras de 13 ríos (5 veces) para medir la temperatura del agua, pH, oxígeno disuelto (OD), conductividad, dureza, demanda química y bioquímica de oxígeno (DQO y DBO) y la concentración de sílice, nitratos, fosfatos, y amoníaco. Varios parámetros mostraron diferencias significativas. P fue 2.7ºC y 1.8ºC más calientes que M y F y portó 1.4mg/L más nitrato que F. F portó 10.8mg/L y 11.8mg/L más sílice que M y P. M mostró temperaturas y concentraciones de sílice intermedias y conductividades 14.8 µS/cm y 8.9 µS/cm menores que P y F. La DQO en M fue 9.9 mg/L y 4.6 mg/L menor que P y F. El aumento de temperatura y la disminución de sílice en P podría deberse a la pérdida de bosques ribereños los cuales amortiguan la temperatura y reciclan el silicio. La presencia de bosque secundarios en M podría explicar las temperaturas y las concentraciones de sílice intermedias resaltando la importancia de los bosques en la red hídrica.
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