Use of disposable diapers and sanitary napkins in the urban area of the municipality of San Miguel Ixtaguacán, department of San Marcos

Abstract

Disposable diapers and sanitary pads constitute a significant fraction of urban solid waste due to their low biodegradability and extended environmental persistence. In Guatemala, the lack of technical characterization of these waste streams limits their integration into comprehensive management frameworks. This study was conducted in the urban zone of San Miguel Ixtahuacán with the objective of quantifying the generation of sanitary waste through a targeted waste characterization. A preliminary household census identified 888 residences, from which 250 were selected as a representative sample. The estimated per capita generation of total solid waste was 0.38 kg/person/day. Specifically, disposable diaper waste reached 0.13 kg/child (0–3 years)/day, while sanitary pad waste amounted to 0.026 kg/woman (12–50 years)/day. These components represented 17.37% and 3.53% of the total waste stream, respectively. The diaper proportion exceeded the national average of 14%, while sanitary pads are rarely included in national metrics. Combined, these sanitary residues account for over 20% of total solid waste, underscoring their environmental relevance. Their volume and persistence present challenges for collection, treatment, and final disposal within urban systems. The findings emphasize the urgent need for integrated waste management strategies, including sustainable technological alternatives, public policy adjustments, and awareness programs aimed at minimizing the ecological footprint of sanitary materials.