Caracterización de la vulnerabilidad hidrogeológica en el acuífero del valle de Achuapa, Nicaragua, mediante el uso del método DRASTIC
Keywords:
transmisivity and hydraulic conductivity, Hydrogeological, quifer vulnerability, groundwater depthAbstract
This article deals with hydrogeological vulnerability in the AchuapaValley aquiferlocated in the department of León Nicaragua, which was characterized by the DRASTIC method being this, an empirical method developed by Aller, Bennet, Lehr, Petty, & Hackett, (1987) and sponsored by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This method seeks to systematize the determination of the potential of pollutants to reach the saturated zone, it was named in this way, alluding to the seven parameters (for its acronym in English) that overlap to geographically characterize the hydrogeological vulnerability. 1) The depth of groundwater in the aquifer varies between 1.5 -23 m. 2) The net recharge throughout the aquifer is greater than 254 mm / year. 3) and 4) the aquifer environment and the vadose area in the study area are composed of the same geological formations being these; Quaternary (Qal -r) and the Coyol Group (Tmca), the formation rocks of the underground source. 5) In the middle of the soil it is formed by thin or absent soils and sandy soils. 6) The topography of the land varies between 0 and> 18%, with gentle slopes prevailing throughout the valley. 7) Hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.04-40, with ranges 15.1 -30 and 30.1 -40 m / day prevailing. In the characterization of the hydrogeological vulnerability obtained, through the DRASTIC method, five indexes were built: insignificant, low, moderate, high, and very high, the index of greater and lesser numerical value DRASTIC was 78 and 191, respectively. The predominant index is that of low vulnerability, with an area of 8.55 km2, corresponding to 34.8%. The indexes of extreme and high vulnerability correspond to 6.80 km2 and 2.56 km2 respectively, equivalent to 27.7% and 10.4% of the surface of the aquifer. Hydrogeological vulnerability is a fundamental instrument in planning and water use, however, it should not be the only criterion for making decisions related to groundwater within the aquifer of the Achuapa Valley, but should be the main basis for other hydrogeological studies larger.
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