Studying morality as a complex and real entity Ontological and epistemological considerations in ethics research and their methodological implications

Abstract

Although reason is not all in human relationships, there are values and a promises in rationality. It helps us make sense in the world and in our actions. For many reasons it is important to combat all kinds of fundamentalism. Academic work with social significance requires constant efforts to eliminate those thoughts that claim to be definitive, the ultimate truth. This idea is relevant in studies of moral dilemmas, as it involves critical and self-critical thought. The starting point is reflection on reality. Let us start with some of the more basic questions: What is reality? How is it? Why is it important to talk about it? What is moral? What are the main ontological ideas about morality? What are the main features of morality? What are the contributions of certain notions such as complexity and transdisciplinarity to a better understanding of reality and moral reality? Morality, being an important aspect of social reality, is accessible to the procedures of science, not only of philosophy. However, we note with concern how often studies on Ethics are omitted from major conferences and documents, sociological or psychological works, as well as from financial, commercial and political practices.